{"id":5318,"date":"2014-08-11T11:00:08","date_gmt":"2014-08-11T18:00:08","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/cjnotebook.com\/?p=5318"},"modified":"2014-08-11T10:09:51","modified_gmt":"2014-08-11T17:09:51","slug":"fbi-cops-sized","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/cjnotebook.com\/?p=5318","title":{"rendered":"FBI Instructor:  Suspects Size Up Cops to Decide Whether to Assault Officers"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><a href=\"https:\/\/cjnotebook.com\/fbi-cops-sized\/former-officer-james-sheets\/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-5489\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignleft size-thumbnail wp-image-5489\" src=\"https:\/\/cjnotebook.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/08\/Former-Officer-James-Sheets-150x150.jpg\" alt=\"Former Officer James Sheets\" width=\"150\" height=\"150\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: bold; color: #000000;\">Mr. James J. Sheets is a former police lieutenant and an officer safety awareness training instructor with the FBI\u2019s Law Enforcement Officers Killed and Assaulted Program<\/span><\/p>\n<p><strong>BY JAMES J. SHEETS<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Officers have been victimized due to their \u00a0misperceptions of offenders.<\/p>\n<p>In fact, a\u00a0groundbreaking study identified this as the\u00a0primary reason law enforcement personnel were\u00a0feloniously assaulted.<\/p>\n<p>Such incidents can\u00a0result when officers encounter a compliant\u00a0subject and then lower their guard. Likewise,<br \/>\noffenders form perceptions of law enforcement\u00a0personnel they encounter, which influence the\u00a0decision whether to assault an officer.<\/p>\n<p>The FBI\u2019s Law Enforcement Officers Killed and\u00a0Assaulted \u00a0or LEOKA Program conducted three studies over a 20-\u00adyear period: Killed in the Line of Duty \u00a0in 1993, In the Line of Fire in 1997, and Violent Encounters in 2006.<\/p>\n<p>The research examined offenders\u00a0who had feloniously assaulted police officers. Killed in the Line of Duty and In the Line of Fire\u00a0explained that no clear profile exists for such subjects.<\/p>\n<p>Violent Encounters noted that some offenders\u00a0had prior criminal records, some had psychiatric histories, and others could not be categorized. Many\u00a0subjects were affiliated with gangs, more were exposed to violence at an early age, and most abused\u00a0alcohol and other drugs.<\/p>\n<p>Regarding individuals who might assault or kill an officer, the research\u00a0concluded that it could be anyone.<\/p>\n<p>Despite the lack of a profile for violent perpetrators, the research\u00a0offered insight into the offender mind\u00adset. In the Line of Fire noted\u00a0that 33 percent of subjects who feloniously assaulted officers\u00a0stated their assaults were premeditated and intentional.<\/p>\n<p>The study also observed that 64 percent of offenders who assaulted officers stated their assaults were impulsive, unplanned, or opportunistic. A former instructor with a major influence on the development of the LEOKA Program offered this perspective \u00a0regarding the data:<\/p>\n<blockquote><p><strong>\u201cOne\u00ad third of the offenders say they are coming after the officer no matter what. The other two\u00ad thirds, they are looking for that \u2018window of opportunity,\u2019 waiting for the officer to make a mistake.\u201d<\/strong><\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p>In other words one\u00ad third of subjects will attack without hesitation, but two\u00ad thirds will wait until they\u00a0perceive their assaults will be successful.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Case Review<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>An example graphically illustrates the mind-set of a \u201cone-third offender.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>In the early morning hours in a rural area, a lone officer stopped a subject for a speeding violation. He followed proper police procedure during his approach.<\/p>\n<p>The officer used a flashlight in his non-weapon hand while leaving the other hand free. He wore body armor and positioned himself at the center post of the vehicle.<\/p>\n<p>As the officer began contact with the driver, shots rang out.<\/p>\n<p>The officer disengaged and drew his weapon while moving to the rear of the suspect\u2019s vehicle for cover. The officer returned fire, and the offender quickly drove off. Body armor worn by the officer stopped two rounds, and the offender later was apprehended without incident.<\/p>\n<p>The officer was at a disadvantage, unaware that the driver was operating a stolen vehicle and in possession of a stolen weapon.<\/p>\n<p>When interviewed, the offender stated that he intended to kill the officer. He perceived the officer as a \u201cprofessional type,\u201d the kind who would wear a vest. The subject admitted to adjusting his point of aim to the officer\u2019s neck because of the potential for body armor.<\/p>\n<p>Despite the offender\u2019s intent to kill, he dealt with a professional police officer who maintained a tactical advantage. The offender still attacked, unsure whether he would be successful.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cTwo-thirds offenders\u201d are not as committed to assaulting an officer unless the opportunity presents itself.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Perceptions of the Officer Determine Whether to Attack<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Their perception of the officer and the circumstances are critical determinants when considering a potential attack.<\/p>\n<p>One offender described two separate stops by different officers and why he attacked one but not the other. His description of events provided insight into the mind-set of the two-thirds offender.<\/p>\n<p>Wanted for a felony warrant, the subject was stopped for a speeding violation.<\/p>\n<p>The offender stated the officer made direct eye contact with him in the side mirror, maintained visual contact, touched the trunk, and visually inspected the rear passenger area.<\/p>\n<p>The offender stated he perceived the officer as professional and attentive. The subject concluded he could not retrieve the weapon under his seat without getting hurt; therefore, he did not attack this officer.<\/p>\n<p>Stopped again in a similar set of circumstances, the offender described the second officer as inattentive. Perceiving this vulnerability, the offender attacked the officer, shooting him several times and seriously wounding him.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Nonverbal Messages Can Influence a Violent Offender<\/strong><strong>\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Officers must be aware that their nonverbal messages can influence a violent offender. Two of the authors of the previously\u00a0mentioned LEOKA reports suggested a casual attitude may leadan offender to believe that the officer is mentally or emotionally\u00a0distracted.<\/p>\n<p>If an officer does not follow an offender\u2019s body\u00a0movements, hand movements, or shifts in body position during\u00a0contact, the subject may perceive that the officer lacks a\u00a0readiness to act. Much like officers assess offenders for threat\u00a0potential, subjects also assess officers for vulnerabilities.<\/p>\n<p>Research suggested that training and adherence to proper\u00a0police procedures are critical to mitigating officer attacks.\u00a0Trainers and supervisors should work together to assist officers\u00a0in developing behaviors that project a professional police image.<\/p>\n<p>Violent Encounters explained that trainers should teach officers\u00a0to be vigilant, attentive, and mentally prepared to effectively\u00a0respond to constantly changing situations. The study further\u00a0noted that trainers should advise officers never to judge individuals on physical characteristics alone.<\/p>\n<p>Research recommended that supervisors ensure officer compliance with departmental policies and\u00a0safety procedures. Following law enforcement training and adhering to safety procedures enable\u00a0officers to enhance their safety by overcoming the possibility that offenders perceive them as\u00a0vulnerable or weak<\/p>\n<p><strong>Conclusion<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Offenders assess officers during every contact. No clear established profile exists of a subject willing\u00a0to commit violence against a police officer. The research suggested that of those who have feloniously\u00a0assaulted police officers, one\u00adthird of these offenders possess the mind\u00adset that they will attack an\u00a0officer regardless of their perceptions of the officer. Two\u00adthirds of the offenders will attack an officer\u00a0when they perceive their attack will succeed. Officers should strive to maintain a professional image\u00a0that sends a nonverbal signal to offenders that the officers are alert and attentive.<\/p>\n<p>Violent Encounters examined the profile, mind\u00adset, and perceptions of offenders who have feloniously\u00a0assaulted police officers. Based on the study, the researchers have developed a technique for officers\u00a0to mentally prepare themselves for contact with potentially violent subjects. The Take A.I.M.\u00a0(awareness, image, and mind\u00adset) technique consists of officer self-\u00adinitiated activities that may mitigate\u00a0the possibility of assault.<\/p>\n<p>Officers should be responsible for their own safety\u037e project a neat, clean, and\u00a0professional image\u037e convey that they are alert, prepared, and formidable opponents\u037e take training\u00a0seriously\u037e and adhere to safety procedures.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Mr. Sheets can be contacted at james.sheets@ic.fbi.gov.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Mr. James J. Sheets is a former police lieutenant and an officer safety awareness training instructor with the FBI\u2019s Law Enforcement Officers Killed and Assaulted Program BY JAMES J. SHEETS Officers have&#8230;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[648],"tags":[769,768,770],"class_list":["post-5318","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-other-voices","tag-fbi-instructor","tag-james-sheets","tag-officers-victimized"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v28.3 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>FBI: Suspects Size Up Cops to Determine Whether to Assault Them<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Mr. James J. 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