{"id":61318,"date":"2026-07-31T18:49:31","date_gmt":"2026-08-01T01:49:31","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/cjnotebook.com\/?p=61318"},"modified":"2026-07-31T18:49:31","modified_gmt":"2026-08-01T01:49:31","slug":"should-attorney-discipline-be-public-or-secret-case-heads-to-appeals-court","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/cjnotebook.com\/?p=61318","title":{"rendered":"Should Attorney Discipline Be Public or Secret? Case Heads to Appeals Court"},"content":{"rendered":"
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n

Civil Rights Corps v. LaSalle (No. 24-2251)<\/strong><\/span><\/h1>\n

Should Attorney Discipline Be Public or Secret?<\/strong><\/span><\/h2>\n
\n
<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

Presentation Narrative:<\/strong><\/span><\/h3>\n

\"man<\/a>Imagine a prosecutor is accused of hiding evidence that could prove someone is innocent. <\/span><\/p>\n

Or a defense attorney is accused of lying to a judge. Should the public be able to see how those accusations are investigated and resolved?<\/span><\/p>\n

That question lies at the heart of Civil Rights Corps v. LaSalle<\/strong>, one of the most important First Amendment transparency cases before the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit.<\/span><\/p>\n

Civil Rights Corps, a nonprofit organization, filed attorney misconduct complaints against several New York prosecutors. But New York’s attorney disciplinary system operates largely behind closed doors. Unless public discipline is ultimately imposed, complaints, hearings and many court records remain confidential.<\/span><\/p>\n

The organization argued that this secrecy prevents the public from knowing whether lawyers\u2014especially government prosecutors with enormous power over people’s liberty\u2014are being held accountable for ethical misconduct.<\/span><\/p>\n

\"gold<\/a>A federal district judge agreed in large part.<\/span><\/p>\n

The court ruled that the First Amendment generally gives the public the right to attend attorney disciplinary proceedings that may result in public discipline and to inspect many of the records associated with those proceedings.<\/span><\/p>\n

Justice Hector D. LaSalle, who oversees attorney discipline in New York’s Second Judicial Department, appealed the ruling.<\/span><\/p>\n

The appeal asks whether attorney discipline should remain largely confidential or whether the Constitution requires greater public access.<\/span><\/p>\n

The outcome could reshape attorney discipline in New York and potentially influence similar systems across the country.<\/span><\/p>\n

\ud83c\udfaf Why This Case Matters<\/h1>\n

This case is about far more than lawyers.<\/span><\/p>\n

It asks whether the Constitution requires transparency when attorneys\u2014especially prosecutors entrusted with deciding who is charged with crimes\u2014are accused of violating the rules governing their profession.<\/span><\/p>\n

The Second Circuit’s decision could redefine the balance between public accountability, attorney privacy, judicial independence and the First Amendment<\/strong>, potentially shaping attorney disciplinary systems well beyond New York.<\/span><\/p>\n

\n

\ud83d\udcdd Quick Fact Checklist<\/h1>\n
\n
\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
Case<\/strong><\/span><\/th>\nCivil Rights Corps v. LaSalle<\/strong><\/span><\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n
Court<\/strong><\/span><\/td>\nU.S. Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Case No.<\/strong><\/span><\/td>\n24-2251<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Issue<\/strong><\/span><\/td>\nDoes the First Amendment guarantee public access to attorney disciplinary proceedings and records?<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Plaintiff<\/strong><\/span><\/td>\nCivil Rights Corps<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Defendant<\/strong><\/span><\/td>\nJustice Hector D. LaSalle<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Constitutional Amendment<\/strong><\/span><\/td>\nFirst Amendment<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
District Court Ruling<\/strong><\/span><\/td>\nLargely favored greater public access<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Current Status<\/strong><\/span><\/td>\nAppeal pending before the Second Circuit<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
\n

\u2696\ufe0f Arguments for Public Access<\/h1>\n

Government Accountability<\/strong><\/span><\/h3>\n

Prosecutors and attorneys exercise enormous authority over people’s lives. Citizens should know whether allegations of misconduct are investigated fairly and whether lawyers are held accountable.<\/span><\/p>\n

Public Confidence<\/strong><\/span><\/h3>\n

Open proceedings foster trust in the justice system. Secret investigations can create the perception that lawyers are protecting one another.<\/span><\/p>\n

First Amendment<\/strong><\/span><\/h3>\n

Civil Rights Corps argues attorney discipline is part of the judicial process. Like many court proceedings, it should be presumptively open to the public.<\/span><\/p>\n

Transparency Improves Justice<\/strong><\/span><\/h3>\n

Public scrutiny can:<\/span><\/p>\n

    \n
  • Expose misconduct<\/span><\/li>\n
  • Deter unethical behavior<\/span><\/li>\n
  • Increase confidence in disciplinary decisions<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

    Equal Treatment<\/strong><\/span><\/h3>\n

    Police officers, elected officials and many public employees often face public disciplinary proceedings. Attorneys should not receive greater secrecy simply because they are members of the legal profession.<\/span><\/p>\n

    \n

    \ud83d\udee1\ufe0f Arguments for Confidentiality<\/h1>\n

    Protect Innocent Attorneys<\/strong><\/span><\/h3>\n

    Many complaints are ultimately found to be meritless. Public disclosure could unfairly damage an attorney’s career and reputation.<\/span><\/p>\n

    Encourage Witnesses<\/strong><\/span><\/h3>\n

    Witnesses and complainants may be more willing to cooperate if investigations remain confidential.<\/span><\/p>\n

    Protect Investigations<\/strong><\/span><\/h3>\n

    Private proceedings reduce outside pressure and allow disciplinary authorities to investigate allegations without media attention or public influence.<\/span><\/p>\n

    Historical Practice<\/strong><\/span><\/h3>\n

    Attorney discipline has traditionally been confidential in New York and many other states. The state argues there is no historical basis for a constitutional right of access.<\/span><\/p>\n

    Judicial Independence<\/strong><\/span><\/h3>\n

    The courts\u2014not public opinion\u2014are responsible for regulating lawyers. Confidentiality helps preserve an independent disciplinary process.<\/span><\/p>\n

    \n

    \ud83d\udccc What’s at Stake?<\/h1>\n

    If the Second Circuit Affirms<\/strong> the District Court<\/span><\/h3>\n

    \u2705 Many attorney disciplinary hearings could become open to the public.<\/span><\/p>\n

    \u2705 Court records would become far more accessible.<\/span><\/p>\n

    \u2705 Journalists could cover attorney misconduct cases much earlier.<\/span><\/p>\n

    \u2705 Public oversight of prosecutors and attorneys would increase significantly.<\/span><\/p>\n

    \n

    If the Second Circuit Reverses<\/strong> the District Court<\/span><\/h3>\n

    \u2705 New York’s largely confidential disciplinary system would remain in place.<\/span><\/p>\n

    \u2705 Complaints, investigations and hearings would generally remain closed unless public discipline is imposed.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/section>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

    Civil Rights Corps v. LaSalle (No. 24-2251) Should Attorney Discipline Be Public or Secret? Presentation Narrative: Imagine a prosecutor is accused of hiding evidence that could prove someone is innocent. Or a…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":61320,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-61318","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-uncategorized"],"yoast_head":"\nShould Attorney Discipline Be Public or Secret? Case Heads to Appeals Court<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Civil Rights Corps v. LaSalle (No. 24-2251) Should Attorney Discipline Be Public or Secret? Presentation Narrative: Imagine a prosecutor is accused of\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/cjnotebook.com\/?p=61318\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Should Attorney Discipline Be Public or Secret? Case Heads to Appeals Court\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Civil Rights Corps v. LaSalle (No. 24-2251) Should Attorney Discipline Be Public or Secret? Presentation Narrative: Imagine a prosecutor is accused of\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/cjnotebook.com\/?p=61318\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"American Justice Notebook\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/AmericanJusticeNotebook\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2026-08-01T01:49:31+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/cjnotebook.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/xHoO4NoO6UupQNWKgimxI6WUtBa5oTjUWb-D9LF2gegyAeSiQ0IzB91ayvLAlprZHODikUa5aacZQ2H_P0HmKyGrzo6h0f60KXIeSByrJsgVE8AJA1DQT5nH9Bf40ndItoTc11n9L1nSGCxJsx1aQZ-MjxEiAQ7SkFy-1lPdOjQ.jpg\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"1146\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"860\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/jpeg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Raul\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Raul\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"4 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\\\/\\\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"Article\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/cjnotebook.com\\\/?p=61318#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/cjnotebook.com\\\/?p=61318\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"Raul\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/cjnotebook.com\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/person\\\/f5521baddca77b521f012298775186c0\"},\"headline\":\"Should Attorney Discipline Be Public or Secret? Case Heads to Appeals Court\",\"datePublished\":\"2026-08-01T01:49:31+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/cjnotebook.com\\\/?p=61318\"},\"wordCount\":712,\"commentCount\":0,\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/cjnotebook.com\\\/#organization\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/cjnotebook.com\\\/?p=61318#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/cjnotebook.com\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2026\\\/07\\\/xHoO4NoO6UupQNWKgimxI6WUtBa5oTjUWb-D9LF2gegyAeSiQ0IzB91ayvLAlprZHODikUa5aacZQ2H_P0HmKyGrzo6h0f60KXIeSByrJsgVE8AJA1DQT5nH9Bf40ndItoTc11n9L1nSGCxJsx1aQZ-MjxEiAQ7SkFy-1lPdOjQ.jpg\",\"articleSection\":[\"American Justice\"],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"CommentAction\",\"name\":\"Comment\",\"target\":[\"https:\\\/\\\/cjnotebook.com\\\/?p=61318#respond\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/cjnotebook.com\\\/?p=61318\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/cjnotebook.com\\\/?p=61318\",\"name\":\"Should Attorney Discipline Be Public or Secret? Case Heads to Appeals Court\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/cjnotebook.com\\\/#website\"},\"primaryImageOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/cjnotebook.com\\\/?p=61318#primaryimage\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/cjnotebook.com\\\/?p=61318#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/cjnotebook.com\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2026\\\/07\\\/xHoO4NoO6UupQNWKgimxI6WUtBa5oTjUWb-D9LF2gegyAeSiQ0IzB91ayvLAlprZHODikUa5aacZQ2H_P0HmKyGrzo6h0f60KXIeSByrJsgVE8AJA1DQT5nH9Bf40ndItoTc11n9L1nSGCxJsx1aQZ-MjxEiAQ7SkFy-1lPdOjQ.jpg\",\"datePublished\":\"2026-08-01T01:49:31+00:00\",\"description\":\"Civil Rights Corps v. LaSalle (No. 24-2251) Should Attorney Discipline Be Public or Secret? Presentation Narrative: Imagine a prosecutor is accused of\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"ReadAction\",\"target\":[\"https:\\\/\\\/cjnotebook.com\\\/?p=61318\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/cjnotebook.com\\\/?p=61318#primaryimage\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/cjnotebook.com\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2026\\\/07\\\/xHoO4NoO6UupQNWKgimxI6WUtBa5oTjUWb-D9LF2gegyAeSiQ0IzB91ayvLAlprZHODikUa5aacZQ2H_P0HmKyGrzo6h0f60KXIeSByrJsgVE8AJA1DQT5nH9Bf40ndItoTc11n9L1nSGCxJsx1aQZ-MjxEiAQ7SkFy-1lPdOjQ.jpg\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/cjnotebook.com\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2026\\\/07\\\/xHoO4NoO6UupQNWKgimxI6WUtBa5oTjUWb-D9LF2gegyAeSiQ0IzB91ayvLAlprZHODikUa5aacZQ2H_P0HmKyGrzo6h0f60KXIeSByrJsgVE8AJA1DQT5nH9Bf40ndItoTc11n9L1nSGCxJsx1aQZ-MjxEiAQ7SkFy-1lPdOjQ.jpg\",\"width\":1146,\"height\":860},{\"@type\":\"WebSite\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/cjnotebook.com\\\/#website\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/cjnotebook.com\\\/\",\"name\":\"American Justice Notebook\",\"description\":\""Our liberty depends on the freedom of the press, and that cannot be limited without being lost." \u2014 Thomas Jefferson\",\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/cjnotebook.com\\\/#organization\"},\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"SearchAction\",\"target\":{\"@type\":\"EntryPoint\",\"urlTemplate\":\"https:\\\/\\\/cjnotebook.com\\\/?s={search_term_string}\"},\"query-input\":{\"@type\":\"PropertyValueSpecification\",\"valueRequired\":true,\"valueName\":\"search_term_string\"}}],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\"},{\"@type\":\"Organization\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/cjnotebook.com\\\/#organization\",\"name\":\"American Justice Notebook\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/cjnotebook.com\\\/\",\"logo\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/cjnotebook.com\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/logo\\\/image\\\/\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/cjnotebook.com\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2014\\\/07\\\/Justice-Scales.jpg\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/cjnotebook.com\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2014\\\/07\\\/Justice-Scales.jpg\",\"width\":675,\"height\":231,\"caption\":\"American Justice Notebook\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/cjnotebook.com\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/logo\\\/image\\\/\"},\"sameAs\":[\"https:\\\/\\\/www.facebook.com\\\/AmericanJusticeNotebook\"]},{\"@type\":\"Person\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/cjnotebook.com\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/person\\\/f5521baddca77b521f012298775186c0\",\"name\":\"Raul\",\"image\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/secure.gravatar.com\\\/avatar\\\/c7f80bd073aca2abc2fc18e390e13d00b72d9d3a81bca4fd53e3567b02efee6f?s=96&r=g\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/secure.gravatar.com\\\/avatar\\\/c7f80bd073aca2abc2fc18e390e13d00b72d9d3a81bca4fd53e3567b02efee6f?s=96&r=g\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/secure.gravatar.com\\\/avatar\\\/c7f80bd073aca2abc2fc18e390e13d00b72d9d3a81bca4fd53e3567b02efee6f?s=96&r=g\",\"caption\":\"Raul\"},\"description\":\"Raul Hernandez is a former journalist. He has worked as a newspaper reporter for more than 30 years at the El Paso Herald-Post, El Paso Times, Press Enterprise in Riverside, California and the Ventura County Star in California. He was a court reporter for more than 20 years.\",\"sameAs\":[\"https:\\\/\\\/cjnotebook.com\\\/\"]}]}<\/script>\n<!-- \/ Yoast SEO plugin. -->","yoast_head_json":{"title":"Should Attorney Discipline Be Public or Secret? Case Heads to Appeals Court","description":"Civil Rights Corps v. LaSalle (No. 24-2251) Should Attorney Discipline Be Public or Secret? Presentation Narrative: Imagine a prosecutor is accused of","robots":{"index":"index","follow":"follow","max-snippet":"max-snippet:-1","max-image-preview":"max-image-preview:large","max-video-preview":"max-video-preview:-1"},"canonical":"https:\/\/cjnotebook.com\/?p=61318","og_locale":"en_US","og_type":"article","og_title":"Should Attorney Discipline Be Public or Secret? Case Heads to Appeals Court","og_description":"Civil Rights Corps v. LaSalle (No. 24-2251) Should Attorney Discipline Be Public or Secret? Presentation Narrative: Imagine a prosecutor is accused of","og_url":"https:\/\/cjnotebook.com\/?p=61318","og_site_name":"American Justice Notebook","article_publisher":"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/AmericanJusticeNotebook","article_published_time":"2026-08-01T01:49:31+00:00","og_image":[{"width":1146,"height":860,"url":"https:\/\/cjnotebook.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/xHoO4NoO6UupQNWKgimxI6WUtBa5oTjUWb-D9LF2gegyAeSiQ0IzB91ayvLAlprZHODikUa5aacZQ2H_P0HmKyGrzo6h0f60KXIeSByrJsgVE8AJA1DQT5nH9Bf40ndItoTc11n9L1nSGCxJsx1aQZ-MjxEiAQ7SkFy-1lPdOjQ.jpg","type":"image\/jpeg"}],"author":"Raul","twitter_misc":{"Written by":"Raul","Est. reading time":"4 minutes"},"schema":{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@graph":[{"@type":"Article","@id":"https:\/\/cjnotebook.com\/?p=61318#article","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/cjnotebook.com\/?p=61318"},"author":{"name":"Raul","@id":"https:\/\/cjnotebook.com\/#\/schema\/person\/f5521baddca77b521f012298775186c0"},"headline":"Should Attorney Discipline Be Public or Secret? Case Heads to Appeals Court","datePublished":"2026-08-01T01:49:31+00:00","mainEntityOfPage":{"@id":"https:\/\/cjnotebook.com\/?p=61318"},"wordCount":712,"commentCount":0,"publisher":{"@id":"https:\/\/cjnotebook.com\/#organization"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/cjnotebook.com\/?p=61318#primaryimage"},"thumbnailUrl":"https:\/\/cjnotebook.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/xHoO4NoO6UupQNWKgimxI6WUtBa5oTjUWb-D9LF2gegyAeSiQ0IzB91ayvLAlprZHODikUa5aacZQ2H_P0HmKyGrzo6h0f60KXIeSByrJsgVE8AJA1DQT5nH9Bf40ndItoTc11n9L1nSGCxJsx1aQZ-MjxEiAQ7SkFy-1lPdOjQ.jpg","articleSection":["American Justice"],"inLanguage":"en-US","potentialAction":[{"@type":"CommentAction","name":"Comment","target":["https:\/\/cjnotebook.com\/?p=61318#respond"]}]},{"@type":"WebPage","@id":"https:\/\/cjnotebook.com\/?p=61318","url":"https:\/\/cjnotebook.com\/?p=61318","name":"Should Attorney Discipline Be Public or Secret? Case Heads to Appeals Court","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/cjnotebook.com\/#website"},"primaryImageOfPage":{"@id":"https:\/\/cjnotebook.com\/?p=61318#primaryimage"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/cjnotebook.com\/?p=61318#primaryimage"},"thumbnailUrl":"https:\/\/cjnotebook.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/xHoO4NoO6UupQNWKgimxI6WUtBa5oTjUWb-D9LF2gegyAeSiQ0IzB91ayvLAlprZHODikUa5aacZQ2H_P0HmKyGrzo6h0f60KXIeSByrJsgVE8AJA1DQT5nH9Bf40ndItoTc11n9L1nSGCxJsx1aQZ-MjxEiAQ7SkFy-1lPdOjQ.jpg","datePublished":"2026-08-01T01:49:31+00:00","description":"Civil Rights Corps v. LaSalle (No. 24-2251) Should Attorney Discipline Be Public or Secret? Presentation Narrative: Imagine a prosecutor is accused of","inLanguage":"en-US","potentialAction":[{"@type":"ReadAction","target":["https:\/\/cjnotebook.com\/?p=61318"]}]},{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"en-US","@id":"https:\/\/cjnotebook.com\/?p=61318#primaryimage","url":"https:\/\/cjnotebook.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/xHoO4NoO6UupQNWKgimxI6WUtBa5oTjUWb-D9LF2gegyAeSiQ0IzB91ayvLAlprZHODikUa5aacZQ2H_P0HmKyGrzo6h0f60KXIeSByrJsgVE8AJA1DQT5nH9Bf40ndItoTc11n9L1nSGCxJsx1aQZ-MjxEiAQ7SkFy-1lPdOjQ.jpg","contentUrl":"https:\/\/cjnotebook.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/xHoO4NoO6UupQNWKgimxI6WUtBa5oTjUWb-D9LF2gegyAeSiQ0IzB91ayvLAlprZHODikUa5aacZQ2H_P0HmKyGrzo6h0f60KXIeSByrJsgVE8AJA1DQT5nH9Bf40ndItoTc11n9L1nSGCxJsx1aQZ-MjxEiAQ7SkFy-1lPdOjQ.jpg","width":1146,"height":860},{"@type":"WebSite","@id":"https:\/\/cjnotebook.com\/#website","url":"https:\/\/cjnotebook.com\/","name":"American Justice Notebook","description":""Our liberty depends on the freedom of the press, and that cannot be limited without being lost." \u2014 Thomas Jefferson","publisher":{"@id":"https:\/\/cjnotebook.com\/#organization"},"potentialAction":[{"@type":"SearchAction","target":{"@type":"EntryPoint","urlTemplate":"https:\/\/cjnotebook.com\/?s={search_term_string}"},"query-input":{"@type":"PropertyValueSpecification","valueRequired":true,"valueName":"search_term_string"}}],"inLanguage":"en-US"},{"@type":"Organization","@id":"https:\/\/cjnotebook.com\/#organization","name":"American Justice Notebook","url":"https:\/\/cjnotebook.com\/","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"en-US","@id":"https:\/\/cjnotebook.com\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/","url":"https:\/\/cjnotebook.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/07\/Justice-Scales.jpg","contentUrl":"https:\/\/cjnotebook.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/07\/Justice-Scales.jpg","width":675,"height":231,"caption":"American Justice Notebook"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/cjnotebook.com\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/"},"sameAs":["https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/AmericanJusticeNotebook"]},{"@type":"Person","@id":"https:\/\/cjnotebook.com\/#\/schema\/person\/f5521baddca77b521f012298775186c0","name":"Raul","image":{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"en-US","@id":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/c7f80bd073aca2abc2fc18e390e13d00b72d9d3a81bca4fd53e3567b02efee6f?s=96&r=g","url":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/c7f80bd073aca2abc2fc18e390e13d00b72d9d3a81bca4fd53e3567b02efee6f?s=96&r=g","contentUrl":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/c7f80bd073aca2abc2fc18e390e13d00b72d9d3a81bca4fd53e3567b02efee6f?s=96&r=g","caption":"Raul"},"description":"Raul Hernandez is a former journalist. He has worked as a newspaper reporter for more than 30 years at the El Paso Herald-Post, El Paso Times, Press Enterprise in Riverside, California and the Ventura County Star in California. He was a court reporter for more than 20 years.","sameAs":["https:\/\/cjnotebook.com\/"]}]}},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/cjnotebook.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/61318","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/cjnotebook.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/cjnotebook.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/cjnotebook.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/cjnotebook.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=61318"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/cjnotebook.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/61318\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":61324,"href":"https:\/\/cjnotebook.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/61318\/revisions\/61324"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/cjnotebook.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/61320"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/cjnotebook.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=61318"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/cjnotebook.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=61318"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/cjnotebook.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=61318"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}